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13 3 In Simplest Form

Written By Tuesday, October 25, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Chinese organisation of coordinated posture and motility, breathing, and meditation

Qigong
World Tai Chi & Qigong Day event (Manhattan).jpg

Qigong practitioners at Earth Tai Chi and Qigong Day event in Manhattan.
Chinese proper name
Traditional Chinese 氣功
Simplified Chinese 气功
Vietnamese proper name
Vietnamese khí công
Chữ Hán 氣功
Korean name
Hangul 기공
Hanja 氣功
Japanese proper noun
Kanji 気功
Kana きこう

Qigong (),[1] qi gong , chi kung , chi 'ung , or chi gung (simplified Chinese: 气功; traditional Chinese: 氣功; pinyin: qìgōng ; Wade–Giles: ch'i kung ; lit. 'life-free energy cultivation') is a system of coordinated torso-posture and move, animate, and meditation[two] used for the purposes of health, spirituality, and martial-arts preparation.[3] With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is traditionally viewed by the Chinese and throughout Asia every bit a practice to cultivate and residuum qi (pronounced approximately as "chi" or "chee"), translated as "life energy".[4]

Qigong practise typically involves moving meditation, coordinating irksome-flowing motility, deep rhythmic breathing, and a calm meditative state of mind. People practice qigong throughout China and worldwide for recreation, practise, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, alternative medicine, meditation, self-tillage, and grooming for martial arts.[2]

Etymology [edit]

Qigong (Pinyin), ch'i kung (Wade-Giles), and chi gung (Yale) are Romanized words for two Chinese characters: qì ( 气 ／ 氣 ) and gōng ( 功 ).

Qi (or chi) primarily ways air, gas or jiff but is often translated as a metaphysical concept of 'vital energy',[4] referring to a supposed energy circulating through the torso; though a more general definition is universal free energy, including rut, calorie-free, and electromagnetic energy;[v] and definitions often involve breath, air, gas, or the relationship betwixt matter, energy, and spirit.[6] Qi is the cardinal underlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts. Gong (or kung) is often translated every bit cultivation or work, and definitions include practise, skill, mastery, merit, achievement, service, result, or accomplishment, and is oft used to mean gongfu (kung fu) in the traditional sense of accomplishment through great effort.[7] The two words are combined to describe systems to cultivate and balance life free energy, especially for health and wellbeing.[4]

The term qigong as currently used was promoted in the late 1940s through the 1950s to refer to a broad range of Chinese cocky-tillage exercises, and to emphasize health and scientific approaches, while de-emphasizing spiritual practices, mysticism, and elite lineages.[8] [ix] [10]

History and origins [edit]

The concrete exercise chart; a painting on silk depicting the practice of Qigong Taiji; unearthed in 1973 in Hunan Province, China, from the 2d-century BC Western Han burial site of Mawangdui Han tombs site, Tomb Number iii.

With roots in ancient Chinese culture dating back more than 4,000 years,[ citation needed ] a wide diverseness of qigong forms accept developed within different segments of Chinese order:[11] in traditional Chinese medicine for preventive and curative functions;[12] in Confucianism to promote longevity and meliorate moral grapheme;[4] in Daoism and Buddhism as part of meditative practice;[13] and in Chinese martial arts to enhance self defending abilities.[9] [14] Contemporary qigong blends various and sometimes disparate traditions, in particular the Daoist meditative practise of "internal alchemy" (Neidan 內丹術 ), the aboriginal meditative practices of "circulating qi" (Xing qi 行氣 ) and "continuing meditation" (Zhan zhuang 站桩 ), and the slow gymnastic animate exercise of "guiding and pulling" (Dao yin 導引 ). Traditionally, qigong was taught by master to students through training and oral transmission, with an emphasis on meditative exercise by scholars and gymnastic or dynamic practice by the working masses.[15]

Starting in the late 1940s and the 1950s, the mainland Chinese government tried to integrate disparate qigong approaches into ane coherent system, with the intention of establishing a firm scientific basis for qigong practise. In 1949, Liu Guizhen established the name "Qigong" to refer to the system of life-preserving practices that he and his associates developed, based on Dao yin and other philosophical traditions.[16] This endeavour is considered by some sinologists as the start of the modern or scientific interpretation of qigong.[17] [xviii] [19] During the Great Leap Forward (1958–1963) and the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), qigong, along with other traditional Chinese medicine, was under tight control with express access among the general public, but was encouraged in state-run rehabilitation centers and spread to universities and hospitals. After the Cultural Revolution, qigong, forth with t'ai chi, was popularized as daily morning exercise skillful en masse throughout China.

Popularity of qigong grew apace during the Deng and Jiang eras after Mao Zedong'southward death in 1976 through the 1990s, with estimates of betwixt 60 and 200 1000000 practitioners throughout China. Forth with popularity and state sanction came controversy and problems: claims of extraordinary abilities adjoining on the supernatural, pseudoscience explanations to build credibility,[20] a mental status labeled qigong divergence,[19] formation of cults, and exaggeration of claims by masters for personal benefit.[8] [21] In 1985, the state-run National Qigong Science and Research Organization was established to regulate the nation's qigong denominations.[22] In 1999, in response to widespread revival of old traditions of spirituality, morality, and mysticism, and perceived challenges to State control, the Chinese government took measures to enforce control of public qigong exercise, including shutting down qigong clinics and hospitals, and banning groups such every bit Zhong Gong and Falun Gong.[10] : 161–174 [23] Since the 1999 crackdown, qigong research and do take only been officially supported in the context of health and traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese Health Qigong Clan, established in 2000, strictly regulates public qigong practise, with limitation of public gatherings, requirement of state approved preparation and certification of instructors, and restriction of practice to state-approved forms.[24] [25]

Through the forces of migration of the Chinese diaspora, tourism in Prc, and globalization, the practice of qigong spread from the Chinese community to the world. Today, millions of people around the globe practise qigong and believe in the benefits of qigong to varying degrees. Similar to its historical origin, those interested in qigong come from diverse backgrounds and practise it for different reasons, including for recreation, exercise, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, culling medicine, self-cultivation, meditation, spirituality, and martial arts training.

Overview [edit]

Practices [edit]

Qigong comprises a diverse set of practices that coordinate body ( 調身 ), jiff ( 調息 ), and mind ( 調心 ) based on Chinese philosophy.[26] [27] Practices include moving and however meditation, massage, chanting, audio meditation, and non-contact treatments, performed in a broad assortment of body postures. Qigong is commonly classified into two foundational categories: 1) dynamic or agile qigong (dong gong), with slow flowing move; and 2) meditative or passive qigong (jing gong), with still positions and inner movement of the breath.[28] : 21770–21772 From a therapeutic perspective, qigong can be classified into two systems: 1) internal qigong, which focuses on cocky-care and self-tillage, and; 2) external qigong, which involves handling by a therapist who directs or transmits qi.[28] : 21777–21781

As moving meditation, qigong practise typically coordinates slow stylized motility, deep diaphragmatic breathing, and calm mental focus, with visualization of guiding qi through the torso. While implementation details vary, more often than not qigong forms can be characterized as a mix of four types of practice: dynamic, static, meditative, and activities requiring external aids.

  • Dynamic practice
involves fluid movement, usually carefully choreographed, coordinated with breath and awareness. Examples include the irksome stylized movements of T'ai chi ch'uan, Baguazhang, and Xing Yi Quan.[29] Other examples include svelte movement that mimics the motion of animals in 5 Animals (Wu Qin Eleven qigong),[xxx] [ self-published source? ] White Crane,[31] and Wild Goose (Dayan) Qigong.[32] [33] As a form of gentle practise, qigong is composed of movements that are typically repeated, strengthening and stretching the body, increasing fluid move (blood, synovial, and lymph), enhancing balance and proprioception, and improving the awareness of how the body moves through space.[34]
  • Static practice
involves holding postures for sustained periods of time.[35] In some cases this bears resemblance to the practice of Yoga and its continuation in the Buddhist tradition.[36] For instance Yiquan, a Chinese martial art derived from xingyiquan, emphasizes static opinion training.[37] In another example, the healing class 8 Pieces of Brocade (Baduanjin qigong) is based on a series of static postures.[38]
  • Meditative practice
utilizes jiff awareness, visualization, mantra, chanting, sound, and focus on philosophical concepts such as qi apportionment, aesthetics, or moral values.[39] In traditional Chinese medicine and Daoist practice, the meditative focus is usually on cultivating qi in dantian energy centers and balancing qi flow in peak and other pathways. In diverse Buddhist traditions, the aim is to nevertheless the mind, either through outward focus, for instance on a place, or through inward focus on the jiff, a mantra, a koan, emptiness, or the thought of the eternal. In the Confucius scholar tradition, meditation is focused on humanity and virtue, with the aim of self-enlightenment.[11]
  • Use of external agents
Many systems of qigong practice include the use of external agents such every bit ingestion of herbs, massage, physical manipulation, or interaction with other living organisms.[xiii] For example, specialized food and drinks are used in some medical and Daoist forms, whereas massage and body manipulation are sometimes used in martial arts forms. In some medical systems a qigong master uses non-contact treatment, purportedly guiding qi through his or her own body into the body of another person.[40]

Forms [edit]

There are numerous qigong forms. 75 ancient forms that can be found in ancient literature and also 56 common or contemporary forms accept been described in a qigong compendium.[41] : 203–433 The listing is past no means exhaustive. Many contemporary forms were developed past people who had recovered from their illness afterwards qigong practice.

Nearly of the qigong forms come under the following categories:[ citation needed ]

  1. Medical qigong
  2. Martial qigong
  3. Spiritual qigong
  4. Intellectual qigong
  5. Life nourishing qigong

Evolution of "health qigong" [edit]

In 1995, at that place was Qigong Talent Banking concern, an system of Science Research of Chinese Qigong, functioning as network organisation of the senior Chinese qigong talents in Prc. In guild to promote qigong exercises in a standardised and effective way with a scientific approach, The Chinese Wellness Qigong Association (CHQA) appointed panels of Qigong experts, Chinese medicine doctors and sport science professors from different hospitals, universities and qigong lineage beyond Mainland china to research and develop new sets of qigong exercises. In 2003 the CHQA officially promoted a new system chosen "health qigong", which consisted of iv newly adult health qigong forms:

  • Health Qigong Musculus-Tendon Alter Classic (Health Qigong Yì Jīn Jīng 易筋經 ).
  • Health Qigong Five Animals Frolics (Health qigong Wu Qin 11 五禽戲 ).
  • Health Qigong Vi Healing Sounds (Health Qigong Liu Zi Jue 六字訣 ).
  • Health Qigong Eight Pieces of Brocade (Health Qigong Ba Duan Jin 八段錦 ).

In 2010, the Chinese Health Qigong Association officially introduced five additional wellness qigong forms:[42]

  • Health Qigong Tai Chi Yang Sheng Zhang ( 太極養生杖 ): a tai chi form from the stick tradition.
  • Health Qigong Shi Er Duan Jin ( 十二段錦 ): seated exercises to strengthen the neck, shoulders, waist, and legs.
  • Health Qigong Daoyin Yang Sheng Gong Shi Er Fa ( 導引養生功十二法 ): 12 routines from Daoyin tradition of guiding and pulling qi.
  • Health Qigong Mawangdui Daoyin ( 馬王堆導引术 ): guiding qi along the meridians with synchronous movement and awareness.
  • Health Qigong Da Wu ( 大舞 ): choreographed exercises to lubricate joints and guide qi.

Other usually practised qigong styles and forms include:

  • Soaring Crane Qigong[43]
  • Wisdom Healing Qigong[44]
  • Pan Gu Mystical Qigong[45]
  • Wild Goose (Dayan) Qigong[46]
  • Dragon and Tiger Qigong[47]
  • Primordial Qigong (Wujigong)[48] [49]
  • Chilel Qigong[50]
  • Phoenix Qigong[51]
  • Yuan Qigong[52]
  • Zhong Yuan Qigong[53]

Techniques [edit]

Whether viewed from the perspective of do, health, philosophy, or martial arts training, several principal principles emerge concerning the practice of qigong:[4] [34] [54] [55]

  • Intentional movement: careful, flowing counterbalanced style
  • Rhythmic breathing: slow, deep, coordinated with fluid motility
  • Sensation: calm, focused meditative state
  • Visualization: of qi menstruation, philosophical tenets, aesthetics
  • Chanting/Sound: use of sound as a focal point

Additional principles:

  • Softness: soft gaze, expressionless face up
  • Solid Opinion: house footing, erect spine
  • Relaxation: relaxed muscles, slightly aptitude joints
  • Balance and Weigh: move over the center of gravity

Advanced goals:

  • Equanimity: more than fluid, more relaxed
  • Quiet: empty mind, high awareness
  • Stillness: smaller and smaller movements, eventually to complete stillness

The most avant-garde practise is generally considered to be with little or no movement.

Traditional and classical theory [edit]

Chief article: Qi

Qigong practitioners in Brazil

Over time, v distinct traditions or schools of qigong developed in China, each with its own theories and characteristics: Chinese Medical Qigong, Daoist Qigong, Buddhist Qigong, Confucian Qigong, and Martial Qigong.[56] : 30–lxxx All of these qigong traditions include practices intended to cultivate and residue qi.[11] [57] [58] [59]

Traditional Chinese medicine [edit]

The theories of ancient Chinese qigong include the Yin-Yang and V Phases Theory, Essence-Qi-Spirit Theory, Zang-Xiang Theory, and Meridians and Qi-Blood Theory, which accept been synthesized equally part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).[56] : 45–57 TCM focuses on tracing and correcting underlying disharmony, in terms of deficiency and excess, using the complementary and opposing forces of yin and yang ( 陰陽 ), to create a counterbalanced flow of qi. Qi is believed to be cultivated and stored in 3 main dantian free energy centers and to travel through the trunk along twelve main meridians (Jīng Luò 經絡 ), with numerous smaller branches and tributaries. The master meridians correspond to twelve main organs ) (Zàng fǔ 臟腑 ). Qi is balanced in terms of yin and yang in the context of the traditional system of Five Phases (Wu xing 五行 ).[xi] [12] A person is believed to go ill or die when qi becomes diminished or unbalanced. Wellness is believed to be returned past rebuilding qi, eliminating qi blockages, and correcting qi imbalances. These TCM concepts practice not translate readily to modern scientific discipline and medicine.

Daoism [edit]

In Daoism, various practices at present known as Daoist qigong are claimed to provide a fashion to achieve longevity and spiritual enlightenment,[60] as well as a closer connection with the natural world.[61]

Buddhism [edit]

In Buddhism meditative practices at present known as Buddhist qigong are role of a spiritual path that leads to spiritual enlightenment or Buddhahood.[62]

Confucianism [edit]

In Confucianism practices now known equally Confucian qigong provide a means to become a Junzi ( 君子 ) through awareness of morality.[63] [64]

Contemporary qigong [edit]

In contemporary China, the emphasis of qigong exercise has shifted away from traditional philosophy, spiritual attainment, and folklore, and increasingly to health benefits, traditional medicine and martial arts applications, and a scientific perspective.[8] [10] Qigong is now practiced by millions worldwide, primarily for its health benefits, though many practitioners have likewise adopted traditional philosophical, medical, or martial arts perspectives, and fifty-fifty utilize the long history of qigong as evidence of its effectiveness.[11] [54]

Contemporary Chinese medical qigong [edit]

Qigong has been recognized as a "standard medical technique" in Communist china since 1989, and is sometimes included in the medical curriculum of major universities in Mainland china.[65] : 34 The 2013 English translation of the official Chinese Medical Qigong textbook used in Communist china[56] : four, 385 defines CMQ every bit "the skill of body-mind exercise that integrates body, breath, and mind adjustments into one" and emphasizes that qigong is based on "aligning" (tiao 調 , also translated as "regulation", "tuning", or "alignment") of trunk, jiff, and mind.[56] : xvi–18 As such, qigong is viewed past practitioners as being more than common physical practice, considering qigong combines postural, animate, and mental training in one to produce a item psychophysiological state of being.[56] : 15 While CMQ is still based on traditional and classical theory, modern practitioners also emphasize the importance of a strong scientific basis.[56] : 81–89 According to the 2013 CMQ textbook, physiological effects of qigong are numerous, and include improvement of respiratory and cardiovascular role, and possibly neurophysiological function.[56] : 89–102

Conventional medicine [edit]

Especially since the 1990s, conventional or mainstream Western medicine often strives to heed the model of evidence-based medicine, EBM, which demotes medical theory, clinical experience, and physiological information to prioritize the results of controlled, and specially randomized, clinical trials of the handling itself.[66] [67] Although some clinical trials support qigong'due south effectiveness in treating atmospheric condition diagnosed in Western medicine, the quality of these studies is mostly low and, overall, their results are mixed.[68]

Integrative, complementary, and alternative medicine [edit]

Integrative medicine (IM) refers to "the blending of conventional and complementary medicines and therapies with the aim of using the nearly appropriate of either or both modalities to care for the patient every bit a whole",[69] : 455–456 whereas complementary is using a non-mainstream arroyo together with conventional medicine, while alternative is using a non-mainstream approach in place of conventional medicine.[70] Qigong is used past integrative medicine practitioners to complement conventional medical treatment, based on complementary and alternative medicine interpretations of the effectiveness and safety of qigong.[28] : 22278–22306

Scientific footing [edit]

Scientists interested in qigong have sought to depict or verify the effects of qigong, to explore mechanisms of effects, to form scientific theory with respect to qigong, and to identify appropriate research methodology for further written report.[56] : 81–89 In terms of traditional theory, the existence of qi has not been independently verified in an experimental setting.[71] In any case, some researches take reported effects on pathophysiological parameters of biomedical interest.[72] [73]

Practitioners, uses and cautions [edit]

Recreation and popular use [edit]

People practise qigong for many different reasons, including for recreation, exercise and relaxation, preventive medicine and cocky-healing, meditation and self-cultivation, and grooming for martial arts. Practitioners range from athletes to people with disabilities. Because information technology is depression touch on and tin be done lying, sitting, or continuing, qigong is accessible for people with disabilities, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.[4]

Therapeutic utilize [edit]

Therapeutic use of qigong is directed by TCM, CAM, integrative medicine, and other health practitioners. In Red china, where it is considered a "standard medical technique",[65] : 34 [ better source needed ] qigong is commonly[ citation needed ] prescribed to care for a broad diversity of conditions, and clinical applications include hypertension, coronary artery disease, peptic ulcers, chronic liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, menopause syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, indisposition, tumors and cancer, lower back and leg pain, cervical spondylosis, and myopia.[56] : 261–391 Outside Cathay qigong is used in integrative medicine to complement or supplement accepted medical treatments, including for relaxation, fitness, rehabilitation, and treatment of specific weather condition.[69] [74] However, in that location is no loftier-quality evidence that qigong is actually effective for these atmospheric condition.[75] Based on systematic reviews of clinical research, there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of using qigong every bit a therapy for whatever medical status.[ii] [68]

Safety and cost [edit]

Qigong is generally viewed as safe.[76] No adverse effects have been observed in clinical trials, such that qigong is considered safety for use across diverse populations. Toll for self-care is minimal, and cost efficiencies are loftier for group delivered intendance.[73] Typically the cautions associated with qigong are the same equally those associated with whatsoever physical action, including gamble of muscle strains or sprains, advisability of stretching to prevent injury, general safety for use alongside conventional medical treatments, and consulting with a physician when combining with conventional handling.[two] [77]

Clinical research [edit]

Overview [edit]

Although there is ongoing clinical enquiry examining the potential health effects of qigong, there is petty fiscal or medical incentive to support high-quality inquiry, and withal only a limited number of studies meet accustomed medical and scientific standards of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).[two] [73] Clinical enquiry concerning qigong has been conducted for a wide range of medical weather condition, including bone density, cardiopulmonary effects, physical function, falls and related risk factors, quality of life, immune function, inflammation,[73] hypertension,[75] pain,[78] and cancer handling.[2] [79]

Systematic reviews [edit]

A 2009 systematic review on the issue of qigong exercises on reducing pain concluded that "the existing trial testify is not disarming enough to propose that internal qigong is an constructive modality for hurting direction."[78]

A 2010 systematic review of the effect of qigong exercises on cancer treatment concluded "the effectiveness of qigong in cancer care is non yet supported by the evidence from rigorous clinical trials."[79] A separate systematic review that looked at the effects of qigong exercises on various physiological or psychological outcomes found that the bachelor studies were poorly designed, with a loftier risk of bias in the results. Therefore, the authors ended, "Due to limited number of RCTs in the field and methodological bug and high run a risk of bias in the included studies, it is yet too early to attain a determination about the efficacy and the effectiveness of qigong exercise as a grade of health do adopted by the cancer patients during their curative, palliative, and rehabilitative phases of the cancer journey."[80]

A 2011 overview of systematic reviews of controlled clinical trials, Lee et al. ended that "the effectiveness of qigong is based generally on poor quality research" and "therefore, it would be unwise to draw business firm conclusions at this stage."[68] Although a 2010 comprehensive literature review establish 77 peer-reviewed RCTs,[73] Lee et al.'s overview of systematic reviews as to particular health conditions establish problems like sample size, lack of proper command groups, with lack of blinding associated with high gamble of bias.[68]

A 2015 systematic review of the effect of qigong exercises on cardiovascular diseases and hypertension found no conclusive evidence for effect.[75] Also in 2015, a systemic review into the effects on hypertension suggested that it may exist constructive, simply that the evidence was non conclusive because of the poor quality of the trials it included, and brash more rigorous research in the future.[81] Another 2015 systematic review of qigong on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease ended that some trials showed favorable effects, but concludes, "Most of the trials included in this review are likely to exist at loftier risk of bias, and so we have very depression confidence in the validity of the results.[75]

Mental health [edit]

Many claims take been made that qigong can benefit or ameliorate mental health conditions,[73] including improved mood, decreased stress reaction, and decreased anxiety and depression. Most medical studies accept merely examined psychological factors as secondary goals, although diverse studies accept shown decreases in cortisol levels, a chemical hormone produced past the torso in response to stress.[73]

China [edit]

Basic and clinical research in Mainland china during the 1980s was mostly descriptive, and few results were reported in peer-reviewed English-linguistic communication journals.[28] : 22060–22063 Qigong became known outside Cathay in the 1990s, and clinical randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of qigong on health and mental conditions began to be published worldwide, forth with systematic reviews.[28] : 21792–21798

Challenges [edit]

Most existing clinical trials accept small-scale sample sizes and many accept inadequate controls. Of detail concern is the impracticality of double blinding using advisable sham treatments, and the difficulty of placebo control, such that benefits ofttimes cannot exist distinguished from the placebo upshot.[28] : 22278–22306 [82] Also of concern is the selection of which qigong class to use and how to standardize the treatment or amount with respect to the skill of the practitioner leading or administering treatment, the tradition of individualization of treatments, and the treatment length, intensity, and frequency.[28] : 6869–6920, 22361–22370 [83]

Meditation and self-cultivation applications [edit]

Qigong is practiced for meditation and self-tillage as part of various philosophical and spiritual traditions. Equally meditation, qigong is a means to still the mind and enter a state of consciousness that brings quiet, clarity, and bliss.[13] Many practitioners find qigong, with its gentle focused movement, to be more accessible than seated meditation.[54]

Qigong for self-cultivation tin exist classified in terms of traditional Chinese philosophy: Daoist, Buddhist, and Confucian.

Martial arts applications [edit]

The exercise of qigong is an important component in both internal and external style Chinese martial arts.[thirteen] Focus on qi is considered to be a source of power as well as the foundation of the internal way of martial arts (Neijia). T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Xing Yi Quan, and Baguazhang are representative of the types of Chinese martial arts that rely on the concept of qi as the foundation.[84] Extraordinary feats of martial arts prowess, such as the power to withstand heavy strikes (Atomic number 26 Shirt, 鐵衫 )[85] and the ability to break hard objects (Atomic number 26 Palm, 鐵掌 )[86] [87] are abilities attributed to qigong preparation.

T'ai Chi Ch'uan and qigong [edit]

T'ai Chi Ch'uan (Taijiquan) is a widely practiced Chinese internal martial style based on the theory of taiji, closely associated with qigong, and typically involving more complex choreographed movement coordinated with jiff, done slowly for health and training, or chop-chop for cocky-defence. Many scholars consider t'ai chi ch'uan to exist a type of qigong, traced back to an origin in the seventeenth century. In modern practise, qigong typically focuses more on health and meditation rather than martial applications, and plays an important role in grooming for t'ai chi ch'uan, in particular used to build force, develop jiff command, and increment vitality ("life energy").[29] [88]

Meet besides [edit]

  • Yoga
  • International Day of Yoga
  • Asahi Health
  • Hua Tuo
  • Wushu
  • Kung fu
  • Jing (TCM)
  • Physiotherapy
  • Mind-torso trouble
  • Neidan
  • Neigong
  • Paidagong
  • Silk reeling
  • Tao Yin
  • Taoist sexual practices
  • Therapeutic nihilism
  • World Tai Chi and Qigong Twenty-four hour period
  • Yangsheng
  • Zhong Gong
  • Zhan Zhuang

References [edit]

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13 3 In Simplest Form,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong

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